How do free trade agreements affect import duty?

Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) reduce or eliminate customs duties between partner countries. To benefit, goods must originate in the partner country. Major FTAs: - USMCA: 0% on most goods — US, Canada, Mexico - EU-Canada CETA: 0% on ~98% of goods - EU-Japan EPA: 0% on ~90% of goods - EU-UK TCA: 0% for qualifying goods (origin rules apply) - UK-Australia FTA: 0% on most goods - ASEAN AFTA: Zero or very low duties between 10 ASEAN nations - CPTPP: Canada, Mexico, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Vietnam How to claim FTA rates: 1. Confirm your goods "originate" in the FTA partner country 2. Obtain proof of origin — Certificate of Origin or supplier declaration 3. Declare preferential origin on your customs entry 4. Keep documents for 5+ years for audit purposes