UK Border Target Operating Model: full customs checks now in effect

The UK's Border Target Operating Model (BTOM) reached full implementation in 2025, meaning goods entering from the EU are now subject to full UK customs and biosecurity checks — matching the treatment of goods from any other third country. What has changed: - Health certificates now required for EU animal and plant products - Physical inspections at Border Control Posts (BCPs) for medium and high-risk goods - Pre-notification requirements for most food and feed products - Full customs declarations required for all commercial goods (no more simplified declarations) Impact on businesses: UK importers of EU food products, agricultural goods, and live animals have faced increased costs and longer lead times. Some perishable product categories have been particularly affected due to inspection requirements at designated BCPs. For EU exporters to the UK: Ensure your goods are registered on the UK's PEACH system (plant health) or IPAFFS (animal products) before export. Missing pre-notifications are one of the most common causes of consignments being held at UK border points. Costs: HMRC estimates additional compliance costs of £330–530 per consignment for smaller businesses. The government has indicated it will review the fee structure in 2026. Resources: - UK government border guidance: gov.uk/guidance/import-goods-into-the-uk - IPAFFS registration: available via gov.uk