US reciprocal tariffs 2026: what importers need to know

In early 2026, the US implemented a broad framework of "reciprocal tariffs" aimed at matching the effective trade barriers of US trading partners. The policy has significantly increased duties on goods from many countries. Key developments: - A baseline 10% tariff now applies to most imports from all countries - Higher country-specific rates apply to major deficit partners - China faces the highest rates — effective combined tariff burdens exceeding 100% on many categories - Some product categories (pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, energy) were initially exempted - Trade agreement partners (USMCA countries) retained preferential treatment for qualifying goods Impact by sector: Electronics: Most consumer electronics from China face significantly higher costs. Manufacturers have shifted production to Vietnam, India, and Mexico to access lower tariff rates. Clothing and textiles: High existing duties (12–20%) compounded by new measures for Chinese origin goods. Vehicles: Chinese EVs face 100%+ effective duties. European and Japanese automakers continue to face 2.5–6.5% base rates. What importers should do: 1. Review your supply chain and verify country of origin documentation 2. Consider USMCA-qualifying production in Mexico or Canada 3. Verify suppliers in Vietnam and India genuinely originate goods there 4. Engage a customs broker to classify goods under the new tariff landscape 5. Check the Federal Register and USTR for the latest published rates Resources: - Official US tariff schedule: hts.usitc.gov - USTR tariff information: ustr.gov - CBP guidance: cbp.gov